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INDO-SINO 1993 AGREEMENT FOR PEACE

Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along
the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas
September 7, 1993

The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of thePeople's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the two sides),have entered into the present Agreement in accordance with the FivePrinciples of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity,mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internalaffairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence and witha view to maintaining peace and tranquility in areas along the line ofactual control in the India-China border areas.


1. The two sides are of the view that the India-China boundaryquestion shall be resolved through peaceful and friendly consultations.Neither side shall use or threaten to use force against the other by anymeans. Pending an ultimate solution to the boundary questionbetween the two countries, the two sides shall strictly respect andobserve the line of actual control between the two sides. No activitiesof either side shall overstep the line of actual control. In casepersonnel of one side cross the line of actual control, upon beingcautioned by the other side, they shall immediately pull back to theirown side of the line of actual control. When necessary, the two sidesshall jointly check and determine the segments of the line of actualcontrol where they have different views as to its alignment.


2. Each side will keep its military forces in the areas along the line ofactual control to a minimum level compatible with the friendly and

good neighbourly relations between the two countries. The two sides
agree to reduce their military forces along the line of actual control inconformity with the requirements of the principle of mutual and equalsecurity to ceilings to be mutually agreed. The extent, depth, timing,and nature of reduction of military forces along the line of actualcontrol shall be determined through mutual consultations between thetwo countries. The reduction of military forces shall be carried out bystages in mutually agreed geographical locations sector-wise withinthe areas along the line of actual control.


3. Both sides shall work out through consultations effective confidencebuilding measures in the areas along the line of actual control. Neitherside will undertake specified levels of military exercises in mutuallyidentified zones. Each side shall give the other prior notification ofmilitary exercises of specified levels near the line of actual controlpermitted under this Agreement.


4. In case of contingencies or other problems arising in the areas alongthe line of actual control, the two sides shall deal with them throughmeetings and friendly consultations between border personnel of thetwo countries. The form of such meetings and channels ofcommunications between the border personnel shall be mutuallyagreed upon by the two sides.


5. The two sides agree to take adequate measures to ensure that airintrusions across the line of actual control do not take place and shallundertake mutual consultations should intrusions occur. Both sidesshall also consult on possible restrictions on air exercises in areas tobe mutually agreed near the line of actual control.


6. The two sides agree that references to the line of actual control inthis Agreement do not prejudice their respective positions on theboundary question.


7. The two sides shall agree through consultations on the form,method, scale and content of effective verification measures andsupervision required for the reduction of military forces and themaintenance of peace and tranquility in the areas along the line ofactual control under this Agreement.


8. Each side of the India-China Joint Working Group on the boundaryquestion shall appoint diplomatic and military experts to formulate,through mutual consultations, implementation measures for thepresent Agreement. The experts shall advise the Joint Working Groupon the resolution of differences between the two sides on thealignment of the line of actual control and address issues relating toredeployment with a view to reduction of military forces in the areasalong the line of actual control. The experts shall also assist the JointWorking Group in supervision of the implementation of the Agreement,and settlement of differences that may arise in that process, based onthe principle of good faith and mutual confidence.


9. The present Agreement shall come into effect as of the date ofsignature and is subject to amendment and addition by agreement ofthe two sides.Signed in duplicate at Beijing on the Seventh day of September 1993in the Hindi, Chinese and English languages, all three texts havingequal validity.

[Signed:]
R. L. Bhatia
Minister of State for External Affairs
Republic of India
Tang Jiaxuan
Vice-Foreign Minister
People's Republic of China

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